大家知道，使自由振动衰减的各种摩擦和其他阻碍作用，我们称之为阻尼。而安置在结构系统上的“特殊”构件可以提供运动的阻力，耗减运动能量的装置，我们称为阻尼器。
阻尼器又称阻尼装置。为了当受到冲击而产生的振动很快衰减所制成的增加阻尼的装置。理想的阻尼器有油阻尼器。常用油类有硅油、篦麻油、机械油、柴油、机油、变压器油，其形式可做成板式、活塞式、方锥体、圆锥体等。其他尚有固体粘滞阻尼器、空气阻尼器和摩擦阻尼器等。根据隔振设计的实用需要，阻尼比D=0.05～0.2范围内为佳。
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